Исследование и моделирование процесса сверхкритической экстракции при ультразвуковом воздействии для интенсификации и оптимизации процесса сверхкритической экстракции.

Введение 4 Литературный обзор 5 1. Сверхкритическая экстракция 5 2. Методы интенсификации процесса сверхкритической экстракции 8 2.1. Ультразвук 9 2.2. Микроволны 11 2.3. Импульсное электрическое поле 14 2.4. Электрический разряд высокого напряжения 16 2.5. Метод холодного прессования 17 3. Математическое моделирование сверхкритической экстракции при ультразвуковом воздействии 19 Выводы 29 Список литературы 31

1. Arumugham T. et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of plant phytochemicals for biological and environmental applications–A review //Chemosphere. – 2021. – С. 129525. 2. Plotka-Wasylka, J., Rutkowska, M., Owczarek, K., Tobiszewski, M., Namiesnik, J., 2017. Extraction with environmentally friendly solvents. TrAC Trends Anal. Chem. (Reference Ed.) 91, 12e25. 3. Corzzini S. C. S. et al. Extraction of edible avocado oil using supercritical CO2 and a CO2/ethanol mixture as solvents //Journal of Food Engineering. – 2017. – Т. 194. – С. 40-45. 4. Bruno S. F. et al. Green and innovative techniques for recovery of valuable compounds from seafood by-products and discards: A review //Trends in Food Science & Technology. – 2019. – Т. 85. – С. 10-22. 5. Kankala R. K. et al. Solution-enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids: an ecofriendly nanonization approach for processing biomaterials and pharmaceutical compounds //International journal of nanomedicine. – 2018. – Т. 13. – С. 4227. 6. Herrero M., Cifuentes A., Ibanez E. Sub-and supercritical fluid extraction of functional ingredients from different natural sources: Plants, food-by-products, algae and microalgae: A review //Food chemistry. – 2006. – Т. 98. – №. 1. – С. 136-148. 7. Mphahlele R. R. et al. Effect of drying on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antibacterial and antityrosinase activities of pomegranate peel //BMC complementary and alternative medicine. – 2016. – Т. 16. – №. 1. – С. 1-12. 8. Rovetto L. J., Aieta N. V. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis sativa L //The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. – 2017. – Т. 129. – С. 16-27 9. Goyeneche, R., Fanovich, A., Rodriguez Rodrigues, C., Nicolao, M.C., Di Scala, K., 2018. Supercritical CO2 extraction of bioactive compounds from radish leaves: yield, antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity. J. Supercrit. Fluids 135, 78e83. 10. Alexandre E. M. C. et al. Antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel extracts performed by high pressure and enzymatic assisted extraction //Food research international. – 2019. – Т. 115. – С. 167-176. 11. Martinez-Correa H. A. et al. Integrated extraction process to obtain bioactive extracts of Artemisia annua L. leaves using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water //Industrial crops and products. – 2017. – Т. 95. – С. 535-542. 12. Rosa A. et al. Chemical composition of Lycium europaeum fruit oil obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction and evaluation of its antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and cell absorption //Food chemistry. – 2017. – Т. 230. – С. 82-90. 13. Uquiche E., Campos C., Marillan C. Assessment of the bioactive capacity of extracts from Leptocarpha rivularis stalks using ethanol-modified supercritical CO2 //The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. – 2019. – Т. 147. – С. 1-8. 14. Grijo D. R. et al. Analysis of the antitumor activity of bioactive compounds of Cannabis flowers extracted by green solvents //The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. – 2019. – Т. 149. – С. 20-25. 15. Saldana M. D. A., Nagpal V., Guigard S. E. Remediation of contaminated soils using supercritical fluid extraction: A review (1994-2004) //Environmental technology. – 2005. – Т. 26. – №. 9. – С. 1013-1032. 16. Essien S. O., Young B., Baroutian S. Recent advances in subcritical water and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials //Trends in Food Science & Technology. – 2020. – Т. 97. – С. 156-169. 17. Borja-Martinez M. et al. Revalorization of Broccoli By-Products for Cosmetic Uses Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction //Antioxidants. – 2020. – Т. 9. – №. 12. – С. 1195. 18. Badgujar K. C., Dange R., Bhanage B. M. Recent advances of use of the supercritical carbon dioxide for the biomass pre-treatment and extraction: A mini-review //Journal of the Indian Chemical Society. – 2021. – С. 100018. 19. Yang Y. C., Wei M. C. A combined procedure of ultrasound-assisted and supercritical carbon dioxide for extraction and quantitation oleanolic and ursolic acids from Hedyotis corymbosa //Industrial Crops and Products. – 2016. – Т. 79. – С. 7-17. 20. Liu X., Ou H., Gregersen H. Ultrasound-assisted supercritical CO2 extraction of cucurbitacin E from Iberis amara seeds //Industrial Crops and Products. – 2020. – Т. 145. – С. 112093. 21. Yusof N. S. M. et al. Physical and chemical effects of acoustic cavitation in selected ultrasonic cleaning applications //Ultrasonics sonochemistry. – 2016. – Т. 29. – С. 568-576. 22. Johner J. C. F., Hatami T., Meireles M. A. A. Developing a supercritical fluid extraction method assisted by cold pressing for extraction of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) //The journal of supercritical fluids. – 2018. – Т. 137. – С. 34-39. 23. Rao P. R., Rathod V. K. Mapping study of an ultrasonic bath for the extraction of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata using ultrasound //Industrial Crops and Products. – 2015. – Т. 66. – С. 312-318 24. Santos H. M., Lodeiro C., Capelo-Martinez J. L. The power of ultrasound //Ultrasound in chemistry: analytical applications. – 2009. – С. 1-16 25. Roldan-Gutierrez J. M., Ruiz-Jimenez J., De Castro M. D. L. Ultrasound-assisted dynamic extraction of valuable compounds from aromatic plants and flowers as compared with steam distillation and superheated liquid extraction //Talanta. – 2008. – Т. 75. – №. 5. – С. 1369-1375. 26. Santos P. et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of capsaicinoids from malagueta pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) assisted by ultrasound //Ultrasonics sonochemistry. – 2015. – Т. 22. – С. 78-88. 27. Liu X., Ou H., Gregersen H. Ultrasound-assisted supercritical CO2 extraction of cucurbitacin E from Iberis amara seeds //Industrial Crops and Products. – 2020. – Т. 145. – С. 112093 28. Eskilsson C. S., Bjorklund E. Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction //Journal of chromatography A. – 2000. – Т. 902. – №. 1. – С. 227-250. 29. Chemat S. et al. Microwave-assisted extraction kinetics of terpenes from caraway seeds //Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification. – 2005. – Т. 44. – №. 12. – С. 1320-1326. 30. Chan C. H. et al. Microwave-assisted extractions of active ingredients from plants //Journal of Chromatography A. – 2011. – Т. 1218. – №. 37. – С. 6213-6225. 31. Durdevic S. et al. Improvement of supercritical CO2 and n-hexane extraction of wild growing pomegranate seed oil by microwave pretreatment //Industrial Crops and Products. – 2017. – Т. 104. – С. 21-27. 32. Dejoye C. et al. Combined extraction processes of lipid from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae: microwave prior to supercritical carbon dioxide extraction //International Journal of Molecular Sciences. – 2011. – Т. 12. – №. 12. – С. 9332-9341. 33. Lu Q. F. et al. Research on the Microwave-Assisted Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Alkaloids from Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr //Advanced Materials Research. – Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2014. – Т. 988. – С. 390-396 34. Azmir J. et al. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review //Journal of food engineering. – 2013. – Т. 117. – №. 4. – С. 426-436. 35. Rosello-Soto E. et al. Emerging opportunities for the effective valorization of wastes and by-products generated during olive oil production process: Non-conventional methods for the recovery of high-added value compounds //Trends in Food Science & Technology. – 2015. – Т. 45. – №. 2. – С. 296-310. 36. Delsart C. et al. Enhanced extraction of phenolic compounds from Merlot grapes by pulsed electric field treatment //American journal of Enology and Viticulture. – 2012. – Т. 63. – №. 2. – С. 205-211 37. Parniakov O. et al. Extraction assisted by pulsed electric energy as a potential tool for green and sustainable recovery of nutritionally valuable compounds from mango peels //Food Chemistry. – 2016. – Т. 192. – С. 842-848. 38. Luengo E., Alvarez I., Raso J. Improving the pressing extraction of polyphenols of orange peel by pulsed electric fields //Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. – 2013. – Т. 17. – С. 79-84. 39. Leong S. Y., Burritt D. J., Oey I. Evaluation of the anthocyanin release and health-promoting properties of Pinot Noir grape juices after pulsed electric fields //Food Chemistry. – 2016. – Т. 196. – С. 833-841. 40. Segovia, F. J., Luengo, E., Corral-Perez, J. J., Raso, J., & Almajano, M. P. (2015). Improvements in the aqueous extraction of polyphenols from borage (Borago officinalis L.) leaves by pulsed electric fields: Pulsed electric fields (PEF) applications. Industrial Crops and Products, 65, 390–396. 41. Barba F. J., Boussetta N., Vorobiev E. Emerging technologies for the recovery of isothiocyanates, protein and phenolic compounds from rapeseed and rapeseed press-cake: effect of high voltage electrical discharges //Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies. – 2015. – Т. 31. – С. 67-72. 42. Rajha, H. N., Boussetta, N., Louka, N., Maroun, R. G., & Vorobiev, E. (2015). Effect of alternative physical pretreatments (pulsed electric field, high voltage electrical discharges and ultrasound) on the dead-end ultrafiltration of vine-shoot extracts. Separation and Purification Technology, 146, 243–251. 43. Boussetta, N., Vorobiev, E., Deloison, V., Pochez, F., Falcimaigne-Cordin, A., & Lanoiselle, J.-L. (2011). Valorisation of grape pomace by the extraction of phenolic antioxidants: Application of high voltage electrical discharges. Food Chemistry, 128(2), 364–370. 44. Parniakov O. et al. Impact of pulsed electric fields and high voltage electrical discharges on extraction of high-added value compounds from papaya peels //Food Research International. – 2014. – Т. 65. – С. 337-343. 45. de Oliveira P. M. A. et al. Enrichment of diterpenes in green coffee oil using supercritical fluid extraction–Characterization and comparison with green coffee oil from pressing //The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. – 2014. – Т. 95. – С. 137-145. 46. Johner J. C. F., Hatami T., Meireles M. A. A. Developing a supercritical fluid extraction method assisted by cold pressing for extraction of pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) //The journal of supercritical fluids. – 2018. – Т. 137. – С. 34-39. 47. Hatami T. et al. Supercritical fluid extraction assisted by cold pressing from clove buds: Extraction performance, volatile oil composition, and economic evaluation //The Journal of Supercritical Fluids. – 2019. – Т. 144. – С. 39-47. 48. Balachandran S. et al. Ultrasonic enhancement of the supercritical extraction from ginger //Ultrasonics sonochemistry. – 2006. – Т. 13. – №. 6. – С. 471-479. 49. Sovova H. Rate of the vegetable oil extraction with supercritical CO2—I. Modelling of extraction curves //Chemical Engineering Science. – 1994. – Т. 49. – №. 3. – С. 409-414. 50. Vaeli N. et al. A mathematical modelling to extract active ingredients from Oliveria decumbens by supercritical fluid extraction through using ultrasonic process //Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems. – 2019. – Т. 25. – №. 3. – С. 261-283.2.3.

В последние годы извлечение биоактивных фитохимических веществ из лекарственных растений привлекло значительное внимание в связи с растущим вниманием к здоровому образу жизни. Поскольку растения содержат широкий спектр ценных биохимических соединений, таких как флавоноиды, терпеноиды, полифенолы, жирные кислоты, пигменты, стеролхолестерины, алкалоиды, они представляют большой интерес для поиска новых лекарственных препаратов [1]. Традиционными методами получения соединений из растительного материала являются замачивание, мацерация, экстракция горячей водой под давлением и экстракция по Сокслету. Практическое использование этих методов ограничено из-за использования большого количества растворителя, низкой скорости экстракции, более длительного времени экстракции, загрязнения растворителем, термического разложения термолабильных соединений и денатурированного качества конечных продуктов [2]. Эти существенные недостатки побудили исследователей разработать новые, эффективные, экономичные, экологически чистые и безопасные методы экстракции для извлечения биоактивных соединений без потери их свойств. Одним из таких методов стала технология сверхкритической экстракции диоксидом углерода (СКЭ-CO2), которая используется как “зеленый” подход для извлечения ценных соединений из растительных материалов [3]. Наиболее распространёнными растворителями являются СО2, этан, этилен, пропан и SF6 . Однако, в качестве предпочтительного растворителя используется CO2, так как он не имеет запаха, цвета, нетоксичен, инертен, безопасен, недорог и пригоден для вторичной переработки. Сверхкритический CO2 (СК-CO2) не вызывает распада основных компонентов биомассы из-за использования умеренной температуры; не остается в среде биомассы после сброса давления, следовательно, не вызывает загрязнения; а также увеличивает проницаемость клеток, вызывая подкисление.