Особенности употребления герундия в произведении Рэя Брэдбери «451 градус по Фаренгейту»

INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1. THE GERUND AND ITS GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES 2 1.1 The Notion of the Gerund 2 1.2 Forms of the Gerund 4 1.3 Properties and functions of the Gerund 7 CHAPTER 1. – Summary of Results 8 CHAPTER 2. THE FUNCTION OF THE GERUND CONSTRUCTIONS IN “FAHRENHEIT 451” BY RAY BRADBURY 10 2.1 The Gerund as the subject and as a part of the predicate 10 2.1.1 Gerund in the function of the subject 11 2.1.2 Gerund as part of a compound verb predicate 12 2.2 The Gerund as a secondary member of the sentence 12 2.2.1 Gerund as complement 12 2.2.2 Gerund as definition 15 2.2.3 Gerund as circumstance 16 2.3 The quantitative analysis of the Gerund 17 CHAPTER 2. – Summary of Results 20 CONCLUSION 23 REFERENCES 24

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CHAPTER 1. THE GERUND AND ITS GRAMMATICAL PECULIARITIES 1.1 The Notion of the Gerund The name "gerund" (Gerund) comes from the Latin verb gerere - to act, which reflects the content gerund, namely - indicates the process, execution, performing an action. In the "Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary" gerund is defined as a Latin verbal noun formed with the suffix –nd and retains verb control. In English, the term "gerund" is applied to forms ending in -ing and which have both verbal and nominal signs. The gerund is one of the most recent the origin of the non-personal forms of the English verb. Gerundium unites in itself characteristics of the noun and the verb, since it came from the ancient language the verb noun and the present participle. Old English suffix -ing, -ung, transformed into -inge in Middle English, and verb noun and participle merged into one form with the ending -ing in the structure grammar of modern English. Such authors as V.L. Kaushanskaya, N.A. Kobrin, R.V. Reznik and others consider the gerund as an independent non-personal form verb. The gerund is the part of speech that expresses the name of the action and has both properties noun as well as verb. Gerund comes from verb and acts like a noun. Unlike participles, they cannot be formed by adding any other suffix to the verb stem. Gerunds differ from participles according to their grammatical function in a sentence. In Grammar English language of the University of Cambridge is considered that the difference between gerund and participle cannot be sustainable. Authors of Grammar only identify one single form "the gerundparticiple" and try to combine traditional gerunds, participles and infinitive into one category. In other words, gerund is an impersonal form of a verb that combines the features of a noun and a verb. It carries the meaning of a certain process. In this respect, the gerunds are similar to the infinitive, but different from something that conveys a tinge of the process of action. Other impersonal forms of the verb are the infinitive and the participle. At the same time, the main difference from a noun is the semantic shade of a certain process. Gerund does not change in numbers, persons and moods, is not used with the article. When compared with the Russian language, the gerund is in some respects similar to verbal nouns with suffixes -ние (плавание), -тие (чаепитие), -ка (стирка), -ство (баловство). Most often, the gerund in Russian translation acts as a noun, verb or participle.