An article as a determinant in English and its equivalent in Ukrainian

The noun in English and Ukrainian possesses the semantic category of definiteness and indefiniteness. In other words, when a noun is taken out of its context to which it belonged, its meaning may not be definitely understood, i.e. identified. The category of definiteness and indefiniteness may be identified in English and Ukrainian both at language level (when the noun is out of the specific context) and at speech level, i.e. in oral presentation or in a written micro context. The main means of making the noun definite in English is to use the definite, indefinite or zero articles as well as any other determining or identifying adjuncts. These categories may also be indicated in both languages by syntactic and lexico-syntactic means: indefinite pronouns, indefinite numerals, etc. There is some boy wants to see you (King)- На вас якийсь хлопець чекає. Was there a Mr. Palgrave? – Ніякого містера Полгрейва не було? Був собі один чоловік і мав він два сини.- There was a man who had two sons. Двері відчинились і вчитель увійшов до класу.- The door opened and the teacher entered the classroom. Двері відчинились і до класу ввійшов учитель. –The door opened and a teacher entered the classroom.

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Modern English grammars normally refer articles to determiners, i.e. words preceding nouns. They are often defined as '... a problem area in English for students even at advanced level, especially for those whose own language has a very different article system' saying nothing of those languages which lack articles at all. These facts account for the necessity of searching for special ways and means used in teaching this part of grammar to Ukrainian students. Another problem is raised when we speak about the peculiarities of rendering the meaning of the English article in Ukrainian. To say that it is not translated at all would be a simplified approach as there are many cases when the English article requires certain ways of rendering. To have a better idea of how and under what conditions we attempt translating the article, it is necessary to consider its grammatical and lexico-grammatical functions.